Definition and Structure of the HSG Catheter

HSG catheter—short for hysterosalpingography catheter—is a single-use, sterile medical consumable used in obstetrics and gynecology; it is commonly referred to as a fallopian tube contrast catheter or a balloon catheter for hysterosalpingography.

 

1. Hysterosalpingography (HSG): A catheter is inserted into the uterine cavity, and a contrast agent is injected. X-ray or ultrasound imaging is then used to examine the shape of the uterine cavity and the patency of the fallopian tubes; this is a common diagnostic procedure for infertility.
2. Tubal irrigation (hydrotubation): A medicinal solution is injected to provide basic clearing of the fallopian tubes and to deliver medication into the uterine cavity.
3. Contrast-enhanced intrauterine sonography (sonohysterography): A medium is infused into the uterine cavity to enhance the quality of the ultrasound imaging.
Once inflated, the balloon occludes the internal cervical os, preventing the contrast agent from leaking out through the cervix and ensuring high-quality imaging.

1. Catheter Body: Made of medical-grade silicone or Pebax/polyurethane; includes a radiopaque line for visualization and positioning under imaging.
2. Silicone Balloon: Located at the distal end of the catheter; expands upon inflation to seat within the internal cervical os, providing a sealing/occlusion effect.
3. Dual-Lumen Channels:
- Main Lumen (Working Lumen): Used for the infusion of contrast agents, saline, or therapeutic solutions into the uterine cavity.
- Balloon Lumen: Dedicated to inflating the balloon; connected exclusively to the balloon and isolated from the uterine cavity.
4. Proximal End (Handle): Features two Luer connectors, each corresponding to one of the lumens; equipped with a stopcock (valve) to prevent air leakage from the balloon.
5. Optional Accessory: An internal metal guidewire can be added to increase the catheter's rigidity, facilitating insertion in cases of cervical stenosis.

 

 
- 5Fr (5F): A slender version that causes less trauma; primarily used in conjunction with hysteroscopy or for cases involving a narrow cervix.
- 7Fr (7F): The standard, most frequently used clinical size; features a balloon capacity of 1.5–3 ml and is the preferred choice for the vast majority of imaging procedures.