Functions and Classification of Gel-type TPE Laryngeal Masks

Gel-like TPE laryngeal masks (such as the i-gel) are second-generation supraglottic airway devices; their primary function is to rapidly establish a non-invasive, sealed artificial airway for use in anesthetic ventilation, emergency resuscitation, and difficult airway management.

- No inflation required, immediate seal: Features a medical-grade TPE gel cuff that conforms to the laryngeal anatomy, providing an immediate seal upon insertion without the need for inflation, thereby avoiding pressure-related injuries.
- Stable ventilation and aspiration prevention: Offers an excellent seal and stable airway pressure; includes a gastric access channel for gastric fluid drainage, reducing the risk of reflux and aspiration.
- Simple operation and minimal irritation: Allows for rapid insertion with a high success rate; causes minimal pharyngeal irritation, resulting in fewer postoperative complications such as sore throat and hoarseness.
- Dual-use for anesthesia and emergency care: Suitable for anesthesia during short procedures, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), difficult airway management, and pre-hospital emergency care.

1. By structure and function (mainstream clinical types)

- Single-lumen type (basic type): Features only an airway channel; simple structure; used for routine, short-duration surgeries.
- Dual-lumen type (reinforced type): Features dual channels for ventilation and gastric drainage; offers superior protection against aspiration; suitable for surgeries with high reflux risk, prolonged procedures, or emergency care.
- Reinforced type (pre-formed): Ventilation tube features reinforcing elements to prevent kinking; suitable for head and neck surgeries or procedures requiring special patient positioning.

2. By size (weight-based, i-gel standard)

- Size 1.0 (Neonate): 2–5 kg.
- Size 1.5 (Infant): 5–12 kg.
- Size 2.0 (Small Pediatric): 10–25 kg.
- Size 2.5 (Pediatric): 25–30 kg.
- Size 3.0 (Small Adult): 30–50 kg.
- Size 4.0 (Adult): 50–70 kg.
- Size 5.0 (Large Adult): 70–100 kg.

3. By usage characteristics

- Disposable sterile type: The mainstream option; latex-free and PVC-free to prevent cross-infection.
- Non-inflatable gel cuff: Differs from traditional inflatable laryngeal masks; features no cuff balloon and no inflation tubing.